China is one of several long history of civilization, of progress and development of human society has made many significant contributions. In ceramic technology and artistic achievements, in particular, has a special significance. In China, the art of ceramics produced can be traced back 4,500 years BC to the era before 2500, can be said that the history of the Chinese nation is an important part of the ceramic history of China's achievements in science and technology as well as on the pursuit of beauty and shape, in many ways to be embodied through ceramic production and the formation of the typical age of technology and art features.
Back in Europe a thousand years before the master porcelain technology, China has been able to produce very fine porcelain. From our point of view the history of ceramics in general is the "ceramic" is the term into two, pottery and porcelain for the two categories. Usually not densely sintered matrix of clay and porcelain stone products, whether colored or white, collectively known as the pottery. Which the firing temperature is higher, the better sintering of the part sub-called "hard Tao", the glazing called "glazed pottery." In contrast, after high temperature firing, sintering of the matrix is more dense, clay or glaze of good quality products, China Stone called "china." The development of traditional Chinese ceramics, experienced a fairly long historical period, types of complex, special technology, so the classification of traditional Chinese ceramics in addition to considering the technical hard targets, but also needs to consider the habit of always been the traditional classification methods, combination of ancient and modern understanding of science and technology changes, in order to more effectively come to be classified conclusions.
From the legendary Huangdi Yao Xia Shun up (about 21th century BC 16th century BC ─ ─), based on pottery to mark its development. There is more typical Yangshao, and later found in Gansu and regulating the family Majiayao culture, etc.
After the liberation of prehistoric sites in Xi'an Banpo unearthed a large number of exquisitely made pottery device, it is amazing. According to legend, the earth in the Shun Yao, Shun and Yu Chuan in the world, Yu then passed to his son, began the so-called "home world." Xia Jie spread, violence is no way, Shang Dynasty to the place then, self-reliance for the emperor, so to have conquered the world who, from the soup started. Rule of business was up more than 600 years after the world (16th century BC 11th century BC ─ ─ before and after), has been to King Zhou. King Wu after the conquest, King Zhou committed suicide, so the world is attributable to the week. Roughly during the reign of the Zhou Dynasty in the 11th century BC to 221 BC, in fact, an effective rule had ended in 771 BC. ─ ─ 475 BC 221 BC as the Warring States period, to 221 BC, the rise of the Qin Dynasty, China unified the beginning, but the Qin Dynasty lasted only 206 years prior to the public, was replaced by the Han Dynasty. This one thousand in a few hundred years, in addition to daily food and beverage containers, the rites and ceremonies used in things and it is much development. From 206 BC to 220 AD between the Han dynasty, the creative artists and craftsmen and metal materials are no longer dominated by jade, pottery by the more precise attention. During this period, firing techniques be developed, the more widespread emergence of strong cause of glazed pottery, Chinese characters began to appear in "porcelain" is used. At the same time, through Xinjiang, the trade route to Syria, Persia, China and the Roman Empire began to exchange, to promote cultural exchanges between East and West exchange, ceramic artifacts from a period of foreign influence can be seen in the clues. Buddhism introduced to China at this time.
Six Dynasties period (AD 220 ─ ─ 581), the rapid rise of the Buddhist art of ceramics has also had a corresponding impact on the modeling work in this quarter, leaving obvious traces. 581 AD Sui won power, ending a long north-south split situation, but the only rule to AD 618 was replaced by Don.
Tang Dynasty (AD 618 to AD 970 years) was divided in the history of Chinese art that is a great time. Ceramic technology to improve a great many varieties of large numbers of fine porcelain, using today's technology Kam testing standards, they also claim to be a real high-quality porcelain. Tang chaos, the hero actually played, what follows is a dynasty competing situation, the Five Dynasties, this situation continued until 960 AD. Year after the war but there is a new breed ─ ─ ceramic porcelain kiln wood, excellent texture of the widely spread, but were handed down extremely rare. Ceramics from the Song Dynasty (AD 960 ─ ─ 1279 years) has been booming, and started a large number of Asian countries to Europe and Southeast Asia output. To Jun, Yu, officer, brother, as a representative of the many features of the kilns have their own rise throughout the country, the increasingly rich variety of products in the color. As the Northeast (Liaoning) and the Khitan tribe (DRC) Jurchen invasion, Song rulers were forced to move south, and then later was destroyed by the Mongols. AD 1280, established the Yuan Dynasty, Shu House kiln there, Jingdezhen became the center of China Ceramic Industry, its notoriety around the world. Jingdezhen porcelain with underglaze blue produced sharp contrast decoration, blue and white porcelain from Xing culture since the various historical periods in the future has been very popular. Ming Dynasty started from 1368 until 1644. During this period, Jingdezhen ceramic industry in the world is absolutely the best in technology and the level of exclusive artistic prominence, especially the blue and white porcelain reached its peak level. In addition, Fujian Dehua kilns, Zhejiang Longquan kilns, Hebei Cizhou also to their different styles of high quality ceramic renowned the world. With the last Ming emperor committed suicide the year 1644 peasant uprising led by Li Zicheng army invaded Beijing. Qing Wu Sangui call from the army crossed the border to the collapse of Qing court in 1911, down two hundred years of Qing rule. Which Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong three generations is considered to be under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the most glorious period of the ceramics industry, process technology is more complex product than there has been a variety of color glazes and glaze color is abundant. To the late Qing Dynasty, government corruption, fortunes decline, poor people, China's ceramic manufacturing industry increasingly degraded. After the founding of the Republic, have been established over a number of ceramic research institutions, but the product in addition to follow than the previous generation, is simply copying the design of some foreign countries, there is no development at all. In the beginning, the warlord Yuan Shikai's attempt to restore the monarchy, has a number of special "Hongxian" era of the inscription of porcelain, these porcelain is quite technically refined, mainly with pastels, old style. As the frequent civil wars, foreign invasion, widespread poverty, the ceramics industry is also a comprehensive defeat, until the new China founded, there have been no product to the world's attention.
