German geologist Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1868 Universal line, Jingdezhen City in Jiangxi Province, Yao Town High Village, he saw the feet of the soil local degree heat of the furnace into the 1300, firing a tribute unto the emperor ceramics. Richthofen named it "kaolin", it has become internationally ceramic terminology.
The great geologist did not predict that 140 years later, he named this clay has been excavated since the Song Dynasty nearly exhausted. In 2009, the Millennium famous porcelain city of Jingdezhen became the State Council approved the second batch of resource-exhausted cities.
No clay, the years have included students confused and struggling with foreign competition porcelain caught the go?
Pain in the eyes of the glory of my heart
Jingdezhen, an infiltration in more than a thousand years of ceramic history and culture in the city.
Kiln site, a ninety artists throwing only a few minutes to complete the unique skills --- 13 hollow gourd bottle. Advanced age and skillful in stark contrast. In Jingdezhen's porcelain history of over a thousand years, like ceramic artists illuminating as heavenly stars.
Jingdezhen porcelain history dates back to the Han Dynasty, the emperor 600 years of imperial porcelain firing, Song Jingde years thanks to reign as the local name of the Emperor, laid the Ming and Qing Dynasties, "porcelain" status. Zheng He's voyages, the ship loaded with Jingdezhen porcelain, from the opening of the Maritime Silk Road. National Palace Museum in Beijing, the British Museum, Versailles, has art treasures from Jingdezhen.
2001 APEC meeting in China, the participating heads of state of the cutlery from the Jingdezhen; 2005, Bush married couple to celebrate the sixtieth anniversary banquet guests, selected the design of tableware Jingdezhen. In 1979, when Deng Xiaoping visited the United States gave the U.S. President's gift is Songhe Jingdezhen blue and white bottles and bottles of glaze ears.
Jingdezhen porcelain was built because, due to porcelain Xing, owing porcelain trapped.
After more than a thousand years of mining, kaolin is nearly exhausted, Jingdezhen has long been near the cities and counties need to purchase clay and even other provinces. However, the most worrying is not the depletion of clay. "If innovation dried up, Jingdezhen will be reduced to a symbol." Jingdezhen City, former Mayor Li Fang said.
Heyday there are ten state-owned porcelain factory in Jingdezhen, the institutional confusion because almost all get on the ground overnight. Guotuiminjin reform, private companies do not have enough energy to follow up. In addition to art porcelain, Jingdezhen porcelain without glory days early, weak research and development, shrinking the size of the market loss. In the field of ceramic sanitary ware, Jingdezhen is almost a blank. Beginning of this century, Jingdezhen ceramics industry output value of only $ 200 million in the city in less than 10% of the total economy. In 2008, the Jingdezhen ceramics industry output rose to 70 billion, but the size of the ceramic industry in 1995 and it is quite Chaozhou more than $ 20 billion. Guangdong, Shandong, Hebei and other areas have produced porcelain ceramic industry, listed companies, while the Millennium is not one of Jingdezhen porcelain.
Jingdezhen feel so fiercely from the sky fell to the ground is that, in 2004, China Light Industry Association, China Ceramic Society "Chinese porcelain" in the title was awarded to Chaozhou, while other agencies are the Top 6 porcelain No one has Jingdezhen.
2005 Taiwan Haichang Group invested in Jingdezhen Franz companies, production manager Zhang Yuansheng said: "Franz on Taiwan's R & D center, sales center on the Fujian Province, Jingdezhen is the production base." Once, Jingdezhen is the porcelain center, but that is not a simple production center, but cultural, creative center. When some neighboring farmers have joined the ranks of Jingdezhen porcelain, shoddy, one-meter-high porcelain only sell 100 yuan when the center and gradually disappear. Trade show, foreign customers are unfamiliar with this Millennium porcelain, and the name of Jingdezhen ceramics exhibition under the banner of the foreign brand is damaged reputation hit.
Consideration in the selection
Revive the glory porcelain, Jingdezhen facing too many choices: the continuation of manual production or development of large industrial production? Is to develop local enterprises or to support foreign companies? Ceramics is the main or construction, bathroom, daily, all-round development of special ceramics? Consideration in the selection of porcelain path of prosperity.
Although there are thousands of ceramic workers, ceramic industry in Jingdezhen and can not really become a pillar, Changhe Automobile, Aircraft and other machinery manufacturing industry to support the economic and brand from Jingdezhen. Jingdezhen Ceramics Co., Ltd. is a local state-controlled large-scale rare porcelain manufacturers, monthly production of about 500,000, while the red light after the state-owned porcelain factory porcelain reached 2.2 million per month. There are nearly ten thousand full-Jingdezhen ceramics business, but the real scale of only 100. Too small a local inductive Jingdezhen ceramics the main reason behind.
Emphasis on industrialization in many master at suppressing production of ceramic art will be personality when the government has begun a large-scale investment. Taiwan and France Franz of art and into commodities, undoubtedly the biggest shock in Jingdezhen. Obviously is a plate, but flying a butterfly, not a painting in which it carved on it. Jingdezhen Ceramics Corporation Vice President Feng Shuangxi said, "it subverts our traditional thinking and design and it was successful not just rely on good policy."
Franz has entered the global 6000 sales point, it seems to have answered on the assembly line can carry the big industrial production in Jingdezhen cultural heritage issues. However, Jingdezhen's environment, resources, transport can carry large industrial ceramic production? Maintained over the years in the field of ceramic sanitary blank Jingdezhen, in recent years introduced more than 10 coastal ceramic sanitary ware companies, many of whom Leroy, Italian pottery, specifically, and other famous enterprises.
A building ceramics production line annual output will reach 100 million yuan, and a ceramics production line output only one or two thousand million. Currently 100 Jingdezhen ceramic enterprises above designated size, 64 porcelain with 2008 annual production value of 2.3 billion, up 29% over the previous year, while the 10 annual value of ceramic sanitary ware companies in 2008 1.67 billion yuan, compared with the previous annual growth of 569 percent. Ceramic contribution to the local economy is obvious.
Jingdezhen porcelain, Deputy Secretary, said Liu Li, the scale is not the first one, the quality first, we need to do high-end products. Moved from the Foshan Ceramic Co., Ltd. Jingdezhen specifically responsible willow, said to Jingdezhen to our raw materials, transportation costs are rising, but the flagship piece of red we come.
Porcelain clay has dried up the soul can not be lost
Depletion of Jingdezhen porcelain clay, porcelain rhyme should still exist, the soul is not lost porcelain. Captivating Jingdezhen Ceramic Art is the soul, the essence.
Government departments should be invited to do the creative and cultural industries in Jingdezhen, a Beijing investment research company chairman, said Liu Yajun, Italy, Spain does not produce ceramic materials, but a ceramic product design, R & D center. Jingdezhen have such ambition and courage, a ceramic art Cannes.
Jingdezhen really have this condition, there are Chinese Arts Jingdezhen 23, thousands of people access to advanced technology artist title, there are tens of thousands of ceramic art practitioners and enthusiasts, is the most talent-rich ceramic arts and crafts area, There is also the only ceramic colleges Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute. If you let the masters of wisdom throughout the whole pattern of the ceramics industry, Jingdezhen to flourish.
Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute professor, National Household and Building Ceramics Engineering Research Center for Guo Li said, Jingdezhen ceramics industry, mainly because of the decline of small scale, but also its cultural core, the core technology is still, the advantage will be highlighted. Engineering Center's mission is commitment to the common basic engineering industry, we want it to fight the ceramic industry, "the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", making it the world's leading experts and ceramic products gathered in the place.
Jingdezhen porcelain in the Secretary Yan Hao view, Jingdezhen Ceramic sophisticated new take-off, and has been the emerging trends. Jingdezhen is currently established in the main building and sanitary ceramics, artistic ceramics features, high-tech ceramics, ceramics for daily use as the focus of the ceramic structure. Yan Hao said, "Our goal is to Jingdezhen can buy all types of ceramic products, ceramic and strive to achieve industrial scale in 2012, leapt to the national economic benefits of porcelain production area in the forefront."
